CLASSIFICATION SCHEME FOR THE LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD

Afro-Asiatic

  

  • Ancient Egyptian

 Ancient Egyptian, Coptic

  • Berber

 Tamasheq (Tuareg), Kabyl, Rif

  • Chadic

 Hausa, Mandara

  • Cushitic

 Beja, Somali, Oromo (Gallinya)

  • Omotic

 Walamo

  • Semitic

 Arabic, Hebrew, Maltese, Amharic, Tigre, Tigrinya, Akkadian, Assyrian, Aramaic

Algic

 Yurok, Wiyot, Cree, Ojibwa, Micmac, Fox, Shawnee, Blackfoot

Altaic

  

  • Mongolian

 Classical Mongolian; Moghol, Dagur, Kalmyk, Oirat, Buriat, Khalkha (Modern Mongolian)

  • Tungus

 Even, Evenki, Manchu, Orok

  • Turkic

 Old Turkish; Turkish, Chuvash, Gagauz, Turkmen, Azerbaijani, Uighur, Uzbek, Bashkir, Tatar, Kazakh, Kirghiz, Yakut, Altai

Andean

 Iquito, Quechua, Aymara, Mapudungu (Araucanian)

Australian

 All the aboriginal languages of mainland Australia (but not of Tasmania)

Austro-Asiatic

  

  • Mon-Khmer

 Vietnamese, Muong, Khmer (Cambodian), Khasi, Nicobarese

  • Munda

 Korku, Santali, Mundari, Korwa

Austronesian

  • Central Malayo-Polynesian

 Maluku languages (Taliabo, Geser, Kei, Yamdena); Timor-Flores languages (Sikka, Tetun, Letri Lgona); Waima'a; Bima-Sumba languages (Bima, Savu, Manggarai, Ngada)

  • Formosan

 Atayal; Tsou; Paiwan

  • Oceanic

 Polynesian languages (Samoan, Tahitian, Maori, Hawaiian); Rotuman, Fijian; Micronesian languages (Marshallese, Trukese); Others (Sissano, Motu, Arawe, Simbo)

  • South Halmahera - NW New Guinea

 Kaiwai, Onin, Irahutu; Gane, Misool, Waigeo, Waropen

  • Western Malayo-Polynesian

 Philippines languages (Tagalog, Cebuano); Sundic languages (Malay, Bahasa Indonesia, Sundanese, Achinese, Javanese); Borneo languages (Melanau); Celebes languages (Bugis, Makassarese); Malagasy

Aztec-Tanoan

 Tanoan, Northern and Southern Paiute, Comanche, Hopi, Nahuatl (Aztec)

Caddoan

 Wichita, Pawnee

Caucasian

  

  • North Caucasian

 Kabardian, Abxaz, Chechen, Ingush,  Avar, Dargwa

  • South Caucasian

 Georgian, Mingrelian, Laz

Chibchan-Paezan

 Tarascan, Yanonamö, Timucua, Guaymi, Paez, Cayapa-Colorado, Sanuma, Katio, Chibcha, Cuaiquer

Chimakuan

 Chimakum, Quileute

Chukchi-Kamchatkan

 Chukchi, Kerek, Koryak, Kamchadal

Daic

 Thai, Lao, Zhuang, Northern Thai, Southern Thai, Bouyei, Shan, Zhongjia, Kam, Li

Dravidian

 Brahui, Malto, Gondi, Kuvi, Telugu, Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam, Toda

Equatorial-Tucanoan

 Cocama, Guarani, Tucano, Ticuna, Apurina, Baniwa, Guajajara, Kaiwa, Nhengatu, Terena

Eskimo-Aleut

 Aleut, Inuit, Yupik

Ge-Pano-Carib

 Chulupi, Vejoz, Toba, Galibi (Carib), Fulnio, Kaingang, Cayapo, Makushi

Gulf

 Yuki, Wappo, Natchez, Choctaw, Muskogee, Tunica

Hokan

 Karok, Shasta, Pomo languages, Washo, Yuma, Seri, Tlapanec

Indo-European

 Little-attested IE languages from antiquity: Illyrian, Venetic, Thracian, Dacian, Ligurian

  • Albanian

 Albanian

  • Anatolian

 Hittite, Luwian, Lycian, Palaic

  • Armenian

 Armenian (Classical and Modern)

  • Baltic

 Latvian, Lithuanian, Old Prussian

  • Celtic

 Old Irish; Irish, Manx, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Breton, Cornish, Gaulish

  • Germanic

 Gothic, Old High German, Old English, Old Norse; English, Frisian, Dutch, Afrikaans, German (High), Low German (Plattdeutsch), Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, Faroese, Icelandic

  • Greek (Hellenic)

 Greek (Mycenaean and Classical Greek, ancient Greek dialects, Koine, Modern Greek)

  • Indo-Iranian

 Sanskrit, Avestan, Old Persian; Prakrit, Pali; Sinhalese, Kashmiri, Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, Sindhi, Punjabi, Hindi-Urdu, Nepali, Oriya, Bengali, Assamese; Ossetic, Bactrian, Pashto, Baluchi, Kurdi, Farsi (Persian), Tajik; Romani (Gypsy)

  • Italic

 Latin, Oscan, Umbrian

  • Romance

 Romanian, Italian, Sardinian, Friulian, Romansh, Occitan, Franco-Provençal, French, Catalan, Spanish, Portuguese

  • Slavic

 Old Church Slavonic; Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Sorbian, Czech, Slovak, Slovene, Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Bulgarian

  • Tocharian

 Tocharian (A and B)

Indo-Pacific (Papuan)

 Languages of New Guinea and of islands to its E and W which are not in the Austronesian family; also (possibly) extinct Tasmanian, and the (mostly) extinct languages of the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal.

Iroquoian

 Huron, Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Cherokee

Japanese

 Japanese, Ryukyuan

Khoisan

 Hadza, !Kung (Qxû), Naron

Korean

 Korean

Mayan

 Huave, Totonac, Mixe, Yucatec (and other Mayan languages)

Miao-Yao

 Miao, Laka, Punu, Mien (Yao)

Na-Dene

 Tlingit, Haida, Athabaskan languages (incl. Navajo, Apache)

Niger-Kordofanian

 

  • Adamawa-Eastern

 Sango, Baya

  • Benue-Congo

 Swahili, Kongo, Zulu, Xhosa, Lingala, Shona

  • Gur (Voltaic)

 Mossi

  • Kordofanian

Kadugli, Rere

  • Kwa

Ga, Yoruba, Igbo, Akan, Ewe

  • Mande

 Maninka, Mende

  • West Atlantic

 Fulani, Wolof

Nilo-Saharan

Songhai, Luo, Maasai

Oto-Manguean

 Amuzgo, Otomi, Mazahua, Pame, Mazatec

Penutian

 Yokuts languages, Miwok languages, Klamath, Lower/Upper Chinook, Tsimshian, Zuni

Salish

 Lillooet, Shuswap, Bella Coola, Comox, Sishistl, Squamish, Halkomelem, Straits Salish, Quinault, Tillamook

Sino-Tibetan

  

  • Karen

 Pa-o, Pho, Kayeh

  • Sinitic

 Old Chinese;  Mandarin, Yue (Cantonese), Wu, Gan (Hakka), Min

  • Tibeto-Burman

 Tibetan, Lepcha, Newari, Dzongkha (Bhutanese); Burmese, Kachin, Lolo, Lepcha; Bodo

Siouan-Yuchi

 Crow, Dakota (Sioux), Yuchi

Uralic

  

  • Finno-Ugric

 Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian, Xanty (Ostyak), Mansi (Vogul), Udmurt (Votyak), Komi (Ziryen), Mari (Cheremis), Mordvin, Saami (Lappish), Votic

  • Samoyed

 Nenets, Enets, Selkup, Kamas

  • Yukaghir

 Yukaghir

Wakashan

 Kwakiutl, Bella Bella, Heiltsuk, Kitamat, Haisla, Nootka, Nitinat

Language Isolates

 Meroitic (in Africa); Beothuk, Chiquitano, Karankawa, Keres, Kutenai, Timucua (in the Americas); Ainu, Burushaski, Elamite, Gilyak, Hurrian, Ket, Nahali, Sumerian (in Asia); Basque, Etruscan, Pictish (?) (in Europe)

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